This lecture explores the innovative governance of large urban systems, focusing on the case of Istanbul. It delves into the concept of large urban systems as complex adaptive systems, the impact of regional economy magnets and new public management, the challenges of metropolitan areas and administrative boundaries, and the strategies for managing mega-regions. The lecture also discusses the transformation of managing and planning large urban systems using Istanbul as a case study, highlighting governance challenges, metropolitan planning issues, and the evolution of administrative structures. It concludes by emphasizing the need for innovative, integrative, and inclusive approaches to metropolitan governance.