This lecture covers the principles and applications of ribosome profiling, a high-throughput technique for identifying actively-translated mRNAs. It includes topics such as proximity-dependent ribosome profiling, polysome profiles, and factors affecting ribosome footprints. The lecture also discusses the use of chemicals like leptomycin B and tunicamycin in studying translation. Students will learn how ribosome profiling data and footprints provide insights into translational speed and gene-specific features. Additionally, the lecture explores the experimental design for mapping upregulated proteins in neurons and the genetic necessity of specific proteins in behavioral responses.