Lecture
This lecture covers the Valence Bond Theory, explaining how the valence electrons in a molecule reside in atomic orbitals, leading to the formation of chemical bonds through orbital overlap and spin-pairing. The hybridization of orbitals, such as sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, and sp³d², is discussed, along with the resulting molecular shapes. The lecture also delves into the formation of hybrid orbitals, such as sp³, sp², and sp, and how they determine the geometry of molecules. Furthermore, the concept of sigma and pi bonds, orbital diagrams of bonding, and the rotation of bonds are explored, shedding light on the fundamental principles of chemical bonding.