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This lecture explores the multiple facets of water, an essential compound for life, discussing its paradoxes, physical, electrical, and chemical properties, as well as its role as a solvent. It delves into colligative properties, such as elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure. Examples of colligative properties and the Raoult's law are presented, along with practical applications like determining molecular masses. The lecture also covers diffusion, osmosis, and the selective permeability of membranes. It concludes with a discussion on acid rain, smog, greenhouse effect, water treatment processes, and aquatic ecosystems.