This lecture delves into the history of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), starting with Bush's visionary article in 1945 and the concept of Memex. It covers the Xerox Star and Apple Lisa, pioneers in GUI technology, leading to the widespread adoption of GUI and mouse with the Apple Macintosh. The lecture also explores the development of optical mice at EPFL, key milestones like Sketchpad and the mouse invention, and the evolution of widgets and functions in HCI.