This lecture discusses the use of sampling procedures in analyzing continuous phenomena in geographical space, such as precipitation levels and chemical properties of water bodies, due to the impracticality of measuring all points. The instructor explains how sampling precedes interpolation methods, which help predict continuous variables by inferring values. Different sampling procedures are applied based on the territory and analyzed phenomena, aiming to minimize uncertainty by meeting specific constraints like field delimitation, spatial representativeness, and uniform density of measurement points.