Classical Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Principles

This lecture introduces classical thermodynamics, covering topics such as boundary conditions, measuring internal energy changes, the first law as the definition of heat, equilibrium states, transformations, and the axiomatic definition of entropy. The instructor explains the concepts of reversible processes, Clausius's principle, and the relationship between entropy and reversible heat. The lecture also delves into internal constraints and equilibrium, emphasizing the importance of maximizing entropy for equilibrium partitioning of energy between subsystems.