Quantum Principles: Atoms and Molecules

This lecture discusses the application of quantum principles to atoms and molecules, focusing on the dual nature of electrons as both particles and waves. It begins by revisiting previous concepts, emphasizing the characteristics of particles and waves, including energy and momentum. The instructor explains stationary waves using models like a guitar string and explores the energy levels of electrons in atoms, highlighting discrete energy states. The lecture further delves into atomic orbitals, particularly for hydrogen, and the concept of hybridization when two atoms approach each other. The formation of stable molecules, such as H2, is analyzed, contrasting it with unstable configurations like He2. The discussion extends to multi-dimensional chains and networks, illustrating how atoms bond to form complex structures. The instructor concludes by summarizing the conditions necessary for stable molecular formation and the implications of quantum mechanics in understanding atomic interactions.