Interference Phenomena in Optics

This lecture covers the basics of interference phenomena in optics, focusing on the Michelson interferometer setup. The instructor explains the concept of interference, the role of phase difference in creating interference patterns, and the sensitivity of interference measurements. The lecture delves into the Michelson interferometer's working principle, the effect of changing the optical path length, and the use of interference patterns for precise measurements. Practical demonstrations are shown, including how changing the refractive index of air affects interference patterns. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the potential applications of interference phenomena in metrology and lithography.