Thermodynamics: Joule and Joule-Thompson Expansions

This lecture covers the applications of thermodynamics, focusing on Joule expansion and Joule-Thompson expansion. The instructor explains the concept of expansion, where pressure decreases and volume increases. Two types of expansions are discussed: Joule expansion, which involves an isolated system where a gas moves between compartments, and Joule-Thompson expansion, where a gas transitions between compartments with different pressures while maintaining constant enthalpy. The instructor emphasizes the importance of understanding how temperature changes during these processes, depending on the type of gas involved, such as ideal gases versus van der Waals gases. The lecture also includes a demonstration of the Joule expansion using an experimental setup, illustrating the temperature behavior of real gases. The session concludes with a discussion on the Joule-Thompson effect, highlighting the significance of molecular interactions in determining temperature changes during gas expansion. The instructor plans to continue with further applications and experiments in subsequent sessions.