Evolution of Climate Models

This lecture covers the evolution of climate models, starting from the general circulation models (GCMs) simulating fluidic motion to the latest IPCC findings on climate sensitivity. It discusses the estimation of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) through various methods, such as the Gregory method, and the constraints on climate sensitivity from observations and paleoclimate records. The lecture also delves into the different Working Groups of the IPCC, the socio-economic scenarios (SSPs), and the expected warming trends under different scenarios. Additionally, it explores the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on global warming and the indicators used to assess climate change, such as Arctic sea ice area and global mean sea level change.