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This lecture explores the formation of agrarian landscapes in medieval Europe, focusing on the agricultural revolution, energy regimes, mechanical innovations, and the use of common lands. It delves into the evolution of farming techniques, energy productivity, and the impact of different crop cultivation systems. The presentation covers the transition from the Neolithic period to the Middle Ages, highlighting the development of diverse energy structures and the challenges of land privatization. Additionally, it discusses the tragedy of the commons, the openfield agrarian structures, and the impact of the enclosure movement on rural landscapes.