Lecture
This lecture introduces the concepts of states and phases in materials, focusing on thermal properties such as enthalpy, dilatation, and evolution. It covers the importance of thermal properties in production processes, the distinction between mass and volume concentration, and the characterization of thermodynamic states. The lecture also delves into phase transformations, phase diagrams, and the different phases present in metal alloys. Crystal lattices, solid solutions, and the equilibrium of phases are discussed, along with examples of phase diagrams for various materials.