This lecture covers the basics of data analysis, focusing on statistical concepts such as probability, random variables, and statistical inference. It also delves into the two phases of data analysis: exploratory analysis and statistical inference. The lecture further explores types of variables, including quantitative, qualitative, discrete, and continuous variables. Additionally, it discusses the multinomial distribution, quantiles, and the characteristics of data distributions, such as symmetry, modes, and outliers. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of correlation measures, their limitations, robustness, and resistance in statistical analysis.