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This lecture covers the concept of power factor in AC circuits, explaining how it is defined by the cosine of the phase angle. It also delves into methods for improving power factor, such as adding capacitors in parallel to reduce the angle between apparent power and real power. The lecture further explores an industrial charge represented by an impedance with resistive and inductive components, calculating various parameters like current, power, and power factor. Additionally, it discusses the impact of adding a capacitor in parallel on the current, power supplied by the source, and overall power factor. The solutions to these calculations are presented step by step, providing a comprehensive understanding of power factor correction in practical scenarios.