This lecture provides an overview of the Allen Brain Observatory, a standardized in vivo survey of physiological activity in the mouse visual cortex. It features visually evoked calcium responses from GCAMP6-expressing neurons in selected cortical layers, visual areas, and Cre lines. The lecture covers transgenic mouse lines, cortical imaging locations, and the key features of the dataset, including searchable data, data visualization summaries, and standardized spatial mapping of cellular responses to visual stimuli. The lecture also discusses the characterization of visually evoked cellular responses using in vivo calcium imaging, focusing on orientation tuning, direction preference, and temporal frequency tuning.