This lecture explores the design of nanostructured materials to enhance and tailor radiation from high-energy particles using engineered nanophotonic structures. It covers topics such as nanophotonics, light-matter interactions, free electron physics, x-ray imaging, and photonic computing. The speaker presents a framework to model, enhance, and optimize radiation from free electrons and other high-energy particles interacting with nanophotonic structures. Experimental setups to record spectrally-resolved light emission from free electrons and the enhancement of cathodoluminescence and scintillation from x-rays are discussed.