This lecture delves into the evolution of nuclear reactors, from the early prototypes to the advanced Generation IV designs, discussing their safety, waste management, and cost implications. It explores the potential of future reactors, such as molten salt reactors, and the challenges of radioactive waste storage and decommissioning. The debate on nuclear energy in Europe, including the costs and environmental impact, is also examined. The instructor provides insights into the current state of nuclear energy, the transition towards more sustainable options, and the uncertainties surrounding the future of nuclear power.