Light Waves: Properties and Applications in Optical Detectors

This lecture covers the fundamental properties of light waves and photons, focusing on their characteristics such as intensity, wavelength, phase, and polarization. The instructor discusses the differences between thermal and photonic detectors, explaining how each type responds to light. The lecture highlights the significance of wavelength in spectroscopy and the role of phase in interferometry. The discussion extends to the wave-particle duality of light, detailing how light behaves as a wave during propagation and as particles (photons) during interactions. Key equations, including the Planck and De Broglie relations, are introduced to illustrate the energy and momentum of photons. The instructor also presents the classical electromagnetic wave equation derived from Maxwell's equations, emphasizing its relevance in understanding light propagation. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the conditions at interfaces and their implications for optical systems, setting the stage for further exploration of optical detectors and their applications in various fields.