Tree Sap Circulation: Anatomy and Growth

This lecture covers the role of microscopical cell structure in water conduction, sap transport, and mechanical function in trees. It explains the circulation of water and tree sap, the 3D sections of wood, earlywood vs. latewood, annual growth rings, and functional stem anatomy. The stages of xylem differentiation, wood growth, and anatomy are discussed, along with the macroscopic and microscopic views of fiber tissue and parenchyma tissue in wood. The lecture also explores the growth ring width and strength of different wood types, vessel elements, and the cellular structure of hardwoods, including large earlywood vessels of oak with tyloses.