This lecture by the instructor delves into the concept of opponency in color vision, exploring the historical context from Newton to Göthe. It covers trichromatic color vision, opponent colors, and receptive fields in the retina. The presentation continues with luminance-chrominance encoding, CIELAB color space, and perceptual color difference. The lecture also discusses salient region detection, superpixels, and the SLIC algorithm. It concludes with the application of opponency in near-infrared imaging, machine learning, and generative adversarial networks.