This lecture introduces the fundamental concepts of elasticity and plasticity in materials science, covering topics such as stress-strain relationships, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and energy storage during deformation. It also discusses the mechanical behavior of different materials like metals, ceramics, and polymers under various loading conditions, including tension and compression. The lecture explores the theoretical and practical aspects of material properties, including elastic limits, energy dissipation, and the influence of microstructure on mechanical behavior.