Floodplain Management

This lecture discusses floodplains, their role during floods, and the impact of human activities on floodplain natural processes. It covers flood control measures, floodplain encroachments, and floodplain management strategies. The lecture also explores flood control alternatives, hydrologic analysis, and intensity-duration-frequency curves for rainfall. It delves into the determination of discharge, water stage, and damage analysis. Additionally, it examines the use of reservoirs for flood control, spillways, gates, weirs, and reservoir optimization. The analysis of discharge duration curves, exceedance frequency relationships, and the effects of reservoirs, raised levees, flood proofing, and channel modifications on flood management are also discussed.

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ENV-424: Water resources engineering

Water resources engineering designs systems to control the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of water to support human demands and the needs of the environment.

Flood control

Flood control (or flood mitigation or flood protection or flood alleviation) methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters. Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water levels. Flooding can be caused by a mix of both natural processes, such as extreme weather upstream, and human changes to waterbodies and runoff. A distinction is made between structural and non-structural flood control measures.

Weir

A weir wɪə or low-head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level. Weirs are also used to control the flow of water for outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. There are many weir designs, but commonly water flows freely over the top of the weir crest before cascading down to a lower level. There is no single definition as to what constitutes a weir, and one English dictionary simply defines a weir as a small dam.

Floodplain

A floodplain or flood plain or bottomlands is an area of land adjacent to a river. Floodplains stretch from the banks of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley, and experience flooding during periods of high discharge. The soils usually consist of clays, silts, sands, and gravels deposited during floods. Because of regular flooding, floodplains frequently have high soil-fertility since nutrients are deposited with the flood waters.

Glow discharge

A glow discharge is a plasma formed by the passage of electric current through a gas. It is often created by applying a voltage between two electrodes in a glass tube containing a low-pressure gas. When the voltage exceeds a value called the striking voltage, the gas ionization becomes self-sustaining, and the tube glows with a colored light. The color depends on the gas used. Glow discharges are used as a source of light in devices such as neon lights, cold cathode fluorescent lamps and plasma-screen televisions.

Partial discharge

In electrical engineering, partial discharge (PD) is a localized dielectric breakdown (DB) (which does not completely bridge the space between the two conductors) of a small portion of a solid or fluid electrical insulation (EI) system under high voltage (HV) stress. While a corona discharge (CD) is usually revealed by a relatively steady glow or brush discharge (BD) in air, partial discharges within solid insulation system are not visible. PD can occur in a gaseous, liquid, or solid insulating medium.

Hydrology Fundamentals ENV-424: Water resources engineering

Introduces hydrology fundamentals, covering soil moisture, rainfall modeling, and reservoir systems.