This lecture introduces Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to aid decision-making processes, emphasizing the importance of nuanced usage due to resource demands. It explains the dual technical and functional approaches of GIS, highlighting the integration of spatial and alphanumeric data for decision support. The lecture covers the two spatial data representations - raster and vector - and discusses the significance of accurate and up-to-date data in GIS applications. It also addresses the key components of GIS, including data, hardware, software, and user involvement, stressing that GIS is a decision support tool rather than a decision-making entity. The lecture concludes by outlining the utility of GIS in urban planning and diagnostics, while cautioning about the limitations related to data accuracy and maintenance.