Lecture
This lecture covers the polarization effects in fibers, discussing how waves can oscillate with different orientations and be decomposed into two normal orthogonal polarizations modes. It also explains the imperfections in fibers, such as asymmetrical lateral stresses and non-circular cores, which break the circular symmetry. The lecture further explores the concept of fiber birefringence and its impact on signal polarization. Additionally, it delves into polarization maintaining fibers, propagation characteristics in PM fibers, and the dispersion in fibers with random birefringence. The total dispersion in different fiber types and the index profile and geometry of various fibers are also discussed.