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This lecture introduces the concepts of encapsulation and abstraction in object-oriented programming using C++. It covers the importance of public and private keywords in defining the interface and implementation details of objects. The lecture also explains the use of accessors and mutators to interact with private attributes, highlighting the significance of encapsulation. Additionally, it discusses the potential issues of attribute shadowing and the use of 'this' pointer to resolve ambiguity. The lecture concludes with a summary of attribute scope within method definitions.