This lecture covers the principles of finance with a focus on options in corporate finance. Topics include graphical representations of call options, profits from holding options to expiration, portfolio insurance, assumptions and notations in finance, call-put parity, early exercise of options, option pricing, replicating portfolios, the binomial model for option pricing, estimating volatility, and pricing American puts. The lecture also delves into the dynamics of stock prices, pricing options maturing in the next period, and solving option pricing models recursively.