This lecture covers the benchmarking of artificial leaves, sheets, and panels for solar chemistry, as well as approaches towards solar fuels technology, solar chemical synthesis using integrated devices, and the application of solar chemistry for a circular economy. It also discusses the performance of solar CO2-to-syngas and formic acid conversion, semi-artificial leaves for solar water splitting and CO2 reduction, PEC reforming for waste upcycling, and the need for new metrics in solar chemistry. The instructor presents various technologies and strategies aimed at achieving sustainable fuel production and waste upcycling through solar-driven processes.