Probability and Events

This lecture introduces the concept of sample space, events, and probability. It covers the sample space as the set of all possible outcomes, events as subsets of the sample space, and operations like union, intersection, and complement of events. The long-run frequency interpretation of probability is discussed, along with axioms of probability and useful theorems like the addition rule and inclusion-exclusion rule. Equally likely outcomes are explored through examples of tossing dice, calculating probabilities, and adjusting sample spaces based on given information.