This lecture covers the principles of two-photon absorption and its application in two-photon polymerization for creating high-resolution 3D structures. It explains the difference between single and two-photon absorption, the generation of radicals, laser power requirements, and the setup for two-photon polymerization. The lecture also discusses the limitations of 3D structures in terms of height and the use of specific photoresists. Real-world examples like bio-printing and the fabrication of ultracompact multi-lens objectives using two-photon direct laser writing are presented.