Lecture
This lecture covers the theory and practical examples of off-axis electron holography, focusing on magnetic fields and other forms of electron holography. It explains the basis of electron holography, historical background, digital reconstruction, and the application of vertical magnetic fields. The lecture also discusses the off-axis electron holography of magnetic materials, including the separation of magnetic and electrostatic contributions, in situ magnetization reversal, and the determination of coercivity. Furthermore, it explores low-temperature studies of skyrmions, magnetic high-entropy alloys, and 3D magnetic vector field holographic tomography. The presentation concludes with discussions on electron-beam-induced charging, electron holography at elevated temperatures, and the measurement of magnetic moments through model-independent approaches.