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In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between those layers. Turbulence is commonly observed in everyday phenomena such as surf, fast flowing rivers, billowing storm clouds, or smoke from a chimney, and most fluid flows occurring in nature or created in engineering applications are turbulent.
The new turbulence generator consists of a standard uniform grid with tethered spheres attached to its nodes and is capable of producing approximately twice the turbulence energy per unit pressure dro
Experiments on grid turbulence are reported for pure water and dilute Polyox WSR 301 solutions. A novel passive grid, which consists of a square mesh grid with tethered spheres, has been developed to
Grid turbulence of polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions (Polyox WSR-301 in H2O) has been investigated experimentally for three concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 weight ppm, at a turbulence Reynolds numbe