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In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading. Once a fatigue crack has initiated, it grows a small amount with each loading cycle, typically producing striations on some parts of the fracture surface. The crack will continue to grow until it reaches a critical size, which occurs when the stress intensity factor of the crack exceeds the fracture toughness of the material, producing rapid propagation and typically complete fracture of the structure.
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or railway) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations.
A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss, a structure of connected elements, usually forming triangular units. The connected elements (typically straight) may be stressed from tension, compression, or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads. The basic types of truss bridges shown in this article have simple designs which could be easily analyzed by 19th and early 20th-century engineers. A truss bridge is economical to construct because it uses materials efficiently.
Aluminum structures provide a high strength-to-weight ratio, are corrosion resistant, and are esthetically pleasing. Hence, their use in bridge construction has recently begun to increase, especially
A laboratory research program carried out at the University of Waterloo featured the testing of three large-scale steel-concrete composite beam specimens with embedded bolt shear connectors. A detaile
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD2020
This paper examines the reliability of welded stud shear connectors for steel-concrete composite bridge girders. A finite element model of a simply-supported bridge was created featuring link connecto