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Cadres de référence et expertise requise pour une réfection des espaces publics dans le secteur de la Borde-Bellevaux à Lausanne

Martina Barcelloni Corte, Derek Pierre Christie, Claire Guenat, Shin Alexandre Koseki, Roberto Sega, Matthew Skjonsberg, Paola Viganò

Un projet de redéveloppement des espaces publics le long de l’axe de la Borde-Bellevaux pose un défi pour l’aménageur. Pour répondre à cette tâche, l’étude présentée dans ce rapport s’appuie sur l’expertise de chercheurs associés au HRC, sur l’expertise des collaborateurs de la Ville de Lausanne (Service des parcs et domaines, Service de l’urbanisme, et Service des routes et de la mobilité), sur les documents mis à disposition par la DEP et sur les outils cartographiques publics du Canton de Vaud et de la Ville de Lausanne. La démarche retenue est à la fois interdisciplinaire, avec la mise en commun d’expertises scientifiques multiples, et transdisciplinaire, avec la mise en commun de savoir-faire scientifique, opérationnel, pratique, citoyen et politique. De plus, l’approche retenue se situe dans une démarche projectuelle, c’est-à-dire qu’elle utilise le projet de transformation urbaine comme moteur d’identification des problématiques, thèmes et échelles pertinents. À ce titre, le rapport établit une série de recommandations basées sur un devenir souhaitable de l’aménagement des espaces publics et du fonctionnement de la ville. Par son caractère de projet de recherche, l’étude vise aussi à produire une série de nouvelles connaissances empiriques sur le secteur de la Borde-Bellevaux, et de manière plus large sur les spatialités techniques, architecturales, sociales et naturelles environnantes. L’étude a été réalisée par les chercheurs associés au HRC pour ce qui concerne leur domaine de compétences et coordonnées par le Dr Shin Alexandre Koseki.

EPFL2019

Globalizing the digital: A cross-cultural framework for the ethics of operationalizing Big Data

Shin Alexandre Koseki

Concerns over the ever-increasing production, availability and use of multilayered individual data in social research, business and the everyday life calls for the development of ethical and legal guidelines. In parallel to civic and governmental initiatives, Critical Data Studies offers a transdisciplinary academic platform to define a common ethical framework for computational research. Essays recently published under this label argue for lines of conduct guided by principles such as fairness and justice. Cultural and evolutionary anthropology, as well as political psychology show, however, those principles are mostly common to Northern liberal cultures. For example, Moral Foundation Theory identifies five cross-cultural grounds to ethical reasoning—Fairness, Care, Authority, In-group and Purity—the first two being associated with progressive views, and the three others with traditionalist views. In the current development of Critical Data Studies, the framing of research ethics by fairness and justice therefore risks to maintain, if not increase, the hegemony of Northern researchers on scientific productivity in Big Data research. In this poster, I present a novel framing of Big Data ethics, one that considers the cross-cultural diversity of human morality. My objective is to lay out a shared ground to an urging global approach to knowledge production. First, I review existing ethical framework of Big Data research and classify each proposal according to the Moral Foundation Theory. Second, I identify commonalities and gaps of proposed framework and articulate possible extension of each framework using the missing moral foundations as guiding principles. Finally, I propose a synthetic framework of Big Data ethics. The poster highlights the unbalance of ethical considerations in Big Data research, and in scientific production in general. The proposed framework points at ethical stances that could become major concerns in future research using Big Data for social research: Political or economic definition of scientific objectives, applications and limitations (authority); Exclusion of individuals, groups and communities in the production, publication and application of research findings (in-group); Constrains on inter- and transdisciplinary collaborations, research topics, methods of analysis, epistemic positioning and ontological grounds (purity).

2018

Hypertypes: From social bridges to an urbanism of aspirations, affordances and capabilities

Shin Alexandre Koseki

Using multilayered individual massive data and geo-localization tracking, Computational Social Science and Social Physics attest the importance of face-to-face and place-to-place interactions in shaping human agency. The research suggests that collective and individual behaviors can be described by the “social bridges” that bind local communities in daily activities. By looking at various metropolitan regions across the world, findings point to the resilience of social bridges in predicting economic, political and health-related characteristics of local populations. Communities that share similar practices of metropolitan spaces also express similarities in those behaviors. Such results are akin to theories of urbanism that promote the importance of spatial configurations in describing markets, power and well-being. With this paper, I wish to look at the empirical findings of Computational Social Sciences and Social Physics through the lens of those theories, and propose a general understanding of human agency based on aspirations, affordances and capabilities. Instead of competing with previous approaches, the view that individuals act in accordance to their environment as an extension of their desires and aptitudes provides a long-waited hinge to bind Social Physics and previous theoretical models. In a second step, I discuss how such model can afford tools to architects, planners and policy-makers to increase collaboration and cooperation between local communities and decrease the economic and political polarization of contemporary metropolitan spaces.

2018