Traffic congestion and ground space scarcity are increasing the need to find more space in the urban underground. The demand-driven "top-down" planning of Urban Underground Space (UUS) is common worldwide. As natural resource, the endowments of UUS are dif ...
Four underground resources have been seen as having a long-term potential to support sustainable urban development: underground space, groundwater, geomaterials and geothermal energy. Utilization of these resources proposes a new paradigm of economic devel ...
