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Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. However, post-tensioning is also employed as a technique to reinforce the concrete. In terms of volume used annually, it is one of the most common engineering materials.
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States.
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces concrete. Concrete is the most widely used material in existence and is behind only water as the planet's most-consumed resource.
Le cours aborde l'étude de l'architecture produite en Suisse dans le contexte culturel du Mouvement moderne d'entre-deux-guerres et d'après-guerre. Autant les élaborations théoriques (diffusées à trav
Incubateur d'idées finalisé à imaginer, sur la base d'études historiques et archivistiques focalisés sur les changements, des nouvelles possibilités pour des contextes architecturaux susceptibles de t
Basé sur des analyses rigoureuses de l'histoire matérielle et culturelle de l'architecture, ce workshop apprend à réattribuer une nouvelle identité à des bâtiments et à des lieux dont les relations av
Heidi et Peter Wenger ont étudié l’architecture dans la seconde moitié des années 1940. C’était une époque importante pour l’évolution du mouvement moderne tel qu’il avait été défini par de nombreux h
Salvatore Aprea ist der Direktor der Archives de la construction moderne der Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), die einer der Partner des S AM bei der Realisierung der Ausstellung Beton