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A facial recognition system is a technology potentially capable of matching a human face from a or a video frame against a database of faces. Such a system is typically employed to authenticate users through ID verification services, and works by pinpointing and measuring facial features from a given image. Development began on similar systems in the 1960s, beginning as a form of computer application. Since their inception, facial recognition systems have seen wider uses in recent times on smartphones and in other forms of technology, such as robotics.
Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics. Biometric authentication (or realistic authentication) is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. It is also used to identify individuals in groups that are under surveillance. Biometric identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals. Biometric identifiers are often categorized as physiological characteristics which are related to the shape of the body.
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences. Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity.
In this chapter we give an overview of spoofing attacks and spoofing counter-measures for face recognition systems, in particular in a verification sce- nario. We focus on 2D and 3D attacks to Visible
Idiap2020
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Presentation attack detection (PAD, also known as anti-spoofing) systems, regardless of the technique, biometric mode or degree of independence of external equipment, are most commonly treated as bina
Springer International Publishing2019
The need for automation of the identity recognition process for a vast number of applications resulted in great advancement of biometric systems in the recent years. Yet, many studies indicate that th