Assim Boukhayma

Assim Boukhayma was born in Rabat, Morocco, on February 5, 1988. He received the graduate engineering degree (D.I.) in information and communication technology and the M.Sc. in microelectronics and embedded systems architecture from Telecom-Bretagne, Brest, France, in 2013. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. at Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchatel, Switzerland and Commissariat a l Energie Atomique (CEA-LETI), Grenoble, France with Prof. Christian Enz on the subject of CMOS image sensors.

From 2011 to 2012, he worked with Bouygues-Telecom as a Telecommunication Radio Junior Engineer. In 2013, he did his M.Sc. Internship at Commissariat a l Energie Atomique (CEA-LETI) on the design of a low noise CMOS THz camera and published this work at the 40th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC).

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Active-pixel sensor

An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an , which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active trans

Image sensor

An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to form an . It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves (as they pass through or reflect off ob

Noise reduction

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort the signal to some degree. Noise rejection

Third-harmonic generation monitoring of femtosecond-laser-induced in-volume functional modifications

Yves Bellouard, Olivier Bernard, Assim Boukhayma, Christian Enz, Andrea Kraxner

During the last two decades, ultrafast in-volume laser-based processing of transparent materials has emerged as a key 3D-printing method for manufacturing a variety of complex integrated photonic devices and micro-parts. Yet, identifying suitable laser process parameters for a given substrate remains a tedious, time-consuming task. Using a single laser source for both processing and monitoring, we demonstrate a method based on in situ full-field third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy that exploits the properties of a low-noise CMOS imager to rapidly identify the entire processing space, discriminating different types of laser-induced modifications, and extracting incubation laws governing the laser exposure process. Furthermore, we show that full-field THG monitoring is capable of identifying parameters leading to enhanced functional properties, such as laser-enhanced etching selectivity. These findings enable accelerated implementations of laser processes of arbitrarily chosen transparent materials and, due to the rapid acquisition time (>100FPS) of the imager, closed-loop process control.

2023

Comparison of Two in Pixel Source Follower Schemes for Deep Subelectron Noise CMOS Image Sensors

Daniel Mathias Bold, Assim Boukhayma, Antonino Caizzone, Christian Enz, Andrea Kraxner, Minhao Yang

This paper compares two in-pixel source follower stage designs for low noise CMOS image sensors embedded both on a same 5 mm by 5 mm chip fabricated in a 180 nm CIS process. The presented chip embeds two pixel variants, one based on a body-effect-canceled thin oxide PMOS and the other embeds a native thick oxide NMOS. On the other hand they share the same sense node, same amplification circuit and 11 bit single slope analog to digital converter (SS-ADC). The imager characterization demonstrates a histogram peak noise of 0.34 e(RMS)(-) with the PMOS SF pixel and 0.47 e(RMS)(- )with the NMOS SF at maximum analog gain. This performance is obtained at room temperature and 119 frame per second. Both pixel variants demonstrate a full well capacity over 5600 electrons.

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2022

Very Selective Detection of Low Physiopathological Glucose Levels by Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy with Univariate Data Analysis

Assim Boukhayma, Antonino Caizzone, Sandro Carrara, Christian Enz, Ata Jedari Golparvar

After decades of research on non-invasive glucose monitoring, invasive devices based on finger blood sampling are still the predominant reference for diabetic patients for accurately measuring blood glucose levels. Meanwhile, research continues improving point-of-care technology toward the development of painless and more accurate devices. Raman spectroscopy is well-known as a potentially valuable and painless approach for measuring glucose levels. However, previous Raman studies deal with glucose concentrations that are still order of magnitudes away with respect to human tissues’ physiological concentrations, or they propose enhancement methodologies either invasive or much complex to assure sufficient sensitivity in the physiological range. Instead, this study proposes an alternative non-enhanced Raman spectroscopy approach sensitive to glucose concentrations from 1 to 5 mmol/l, which correspond to the lowest physiopathological glucose level in human blood. Our findings suggest a very selective detection of glucose with respect to other typical metabolites, usually interfering with Raman spectroscopy’s glucose detection. We validate the proposed univariate sensing methodology on glucose solutions mixed with lactate and urea, the two most common molecules found in human serum with concentrations similar to glucose and similar features in the Raman spectra. Our findings clearly illustrate that reliable detection of glucose by Raman spectroscopy is feasible by exploiting the shifted peak at 1125 ± 10 cm–1 within physiopathological ranges.

2021