Publications by Constantin Richard Krüger

Direct measurement of the critical cooling rate for the vitrification of water

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Nathan Junior Mowry

The vitrification of aqueous solutions through rapid cooling is a remarkable achievement that launched the field of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and has enabled the cryopreservation of biological specimens. For judging the feasibility of a vitrificat ...

2025

Sealed Samples for High-resolution, Microsecond Cryo-EM

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Sarah Victoria Barrass

Oxford University Press (OUP)2025

Structure and dynamics of deeply supercooled water

Constantin Richard Krüger

Water is the solvent that enables life, essential to every biological process and shaping our environment. Yet, it is the most anomalous liquid known to humankind. Many of these anomalous properties originate from the deeply supercooled regime. Unfortunate ...

EPFL2025

Correction to: Electron diffraction of deeply supercooled water in no man’s land (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (2812), 10.1038/s41467-023-38520-7)

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Gabriele Bongiovanni, Nathan Junior Mowry

Correction to: Nature Communicationshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38520-7, published online 17 May 2023 In the version of the article initially published, Supplementary Note J on determination of the location of the hypothetical Widom line was not inc ...

2025

Shaped Laser Pulses for Microsecond Time-Resolved Cryo-EM: Outrunning Crystallization during Flash Melting

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Nathan Junior Mowry

Water vitrifies if cooled at rates above 3 × 105 K/s. In contrast, when the resulting amorphous ice is flash heated, crystallization occurs even at a more than 10 times higher heating rate, as we have recently shown. This may present an issue for microseco ...

2024

Flash Melting Amorphous Ice

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Gabriele Bongiovanni, Nathan Junior Mowry

Water can be vitrified if it is cooled at high rates, which makes it possible to outrun crystallization in so-called no man’s land, a range of deeply supercooled temperatures where water crystallizes rapidly. Here, we study the reverse process in pure wate ...

2024

Electron diffraction of deeply supercooled water in no man’s land

Marcel Drabbels, Ulrich Lorenz, Constantin Richard Krüger, Gabriele Bongiovanni, Nathan Junior Mowry

A generally accepted understanding of the anomalous properties of water will only emerge if it becomes possible to systematically characterize water in the deeply supercooled regime, from where the anomalies appear to emanate. This has largely remained elu ...

Nature Research2023