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A nanoparticle or ultrafine particle is usually defined as a particle of matter that is between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in diameter. The term is sometimes used for larger particles, up to 500 nm, or fibers and tubes that are less than 100 nm in only two directions. At the lowest range, metal particles smaller than 1 nm are usually called atom clusters instead.
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space). The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterols (a lipid component) interspersed between them, maintaining appropriate membrane fluidity at various temperatures.
Cells are promising as carriers that can enhance the delivery of nanomedicines. Cells that carry nanomedicinal cargo, either immobilized on the cell surface or internalized, can allow for highly speci
Conventional therapeutics are often limited by their targeting ability, resulting in harmful and potential fatal side-effects for the patients. Recently, new strategies have been developed to improve
Cells are attractive as carriers that can help to enhance control over the biodistribution of polymer nanomedicines. One strategy to use cells as carriers is based on the cell surface immobilization o