Uniform 8-polytopeIn eight-dimensional geometry, an eight-dimensional polytope or 8-polytope is a polytope contained by 7-polytope facets. Each 6-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 7-polytope facets. A uniform 8-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 7-polytope facets. Regular 8-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u,v}, with v {p,q,r,s,t,u} 7-polytope facets around each peak.
Uniform 7-polytopeIn seven-dimensional geometry, a 7-polytope is a polytope contained by 6-polytope facets. Each 5-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 6-polytope facets. A uniform 7-polytope is one whose symmetry group is transitive on vertices and whose facets are uniform 6-polytopes. Regular 7-polytopes are represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u} with u {p,q,r,s,t} 6-polytopes facets around each 4-face. There are exactly three such convex regular 7-polytopes: {3,3,3,3,3,3} - 7-simplex {4,3,3,3,3,3} - 7-cube {3,3,3,3,3,4} - 7-orthoplex There are no nonconvex regular 7-polytopes.
Uniform 10-polytopeIn ten-dimensional geometry, a 10-polytope is a 10-dimensional polytope whose boundary consists of 9-polytope facets, exactly two such facets meeting at each 8-polytope ridge. A uniform 10-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform facets. Regular 10-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x}, with x {p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w} 9-polytope facets around each peak.
Uniform 9-polytopeIn nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets. A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope facets. Regular 9-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w}, with w {p,q,r,s,t,u,v} 8-polytope facets around each peak.
TopologyIn mathematics, topology (from the Greek words τόπος, and λόγος) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing holes, opening holes, tearing, gluing, or passing through itself. A topological space is a set endowed with a structure, called a topology, which allows defining continuous deformation of subspaces, and, more generally, all kinds of continuity.
Coronal mass ejectionA coronal mass ejection (CME) is a significant ejection of magnetic field and accompanying plasma mass from the Sun's corona into the heliosphere. CMEs are often associated with solar flares and other forms of solar activity, but a broadly accepted theoretical understanding of these relationships has not been established. If a CME enters interplanetary space, it is referred to as an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME).
Rational varietyIn mathematics, a rational variety is an algebraic variety, over a given field K, which is birationally equivalent to a projective space of some dimension over K. This means that its function field is isomorphic to the field of all rational functions for some set of indeterminates, where d is the dimension of the variety. Let V be an affine algebraic variety of dimension d defined by a prime ideal I = ⟨f1, ..., fk⟩ in . If V is rational, then there are n + 1 polynomials g0, ..., gn in such that In order words, we have a of the variety.
Magnetic pressureIn physics, magnetic pressure is an energy density associated with a magnetic field. In SI units, the energy density of a magnetic field with strength can be expressed as where is the vacuum permeability. Any magnetic field has an associated magnetic pressure contained by the boundary conditions on the field. It is identical to any other physical pressure except that it is carried by the magnetic field rather than (in the case of a gas) by the kinetic energy of gas molecules.
Induction equationIn magnetohydrodynamics, the induction equation is a partial differential equation that relates the magnetic field and velocity of an electrically conductive fluid such as a plasma. It can be derived from Maxwell's equations and Ohm's law, and plays a major role in plasma physics and astrophysics, especially in dynamo theory. Maxwell's equations describing the Faraday's and Ampere's laws read: and where: is the electric field. is the magnetic field. is the electric current density.
Stability theoryIn mathematics, stability theory addresses the stability of solutions of differential equations and of trajectories of dynamical systems under small perturbations of initial conditions. The heat equation, for example, is a stable partial differential equation because small perturbations of initial data lead to small variations in temperature at a later time as a result of the maximum principle. In partial differential equations one may measure the distances between functions using Lp norms or the sup norm, while in differential geometry one may measure the distance between spaces using the Gromov–Hausdorff distance.
