AgrégationIn France, the agrégation (aɡʁeɡasjɔ̃) is a competitive examination for civil service in the French public education system. Candidates for the examination, or agrégatifs, become agrégés once they are admitted to the position of professeur agrégé. In France, professeurs agrégés are distinguished from professeurs certifiés, recruited through the CAPES training. The agrégés are usually expected to teach in sixth-form colleges (lycées) and universities, while the certifiés usually teach in secondary schools (collèges), although there is a significant overlap.
Émilie de VilleneuveÉmilie de Villeneuve (9 March 1811 – 2 October 1854) was a French Catholic nun and the founder of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception of Castres. After she died her cause of canonization was opened. She was beatified in 2009 after a miracle attributed to her intercession was ratified. She was approved for sainthood in 2014 and was canonized by Pope Francis on 17 May 2015. Jeanne-Emilie de Villeneuve, also named Émilie de Villeneuve, was born in Toulouse, on 9 March 1811 From an early age, she lived in Hauterive Castle (near Castres), where her sick mother had withdrawn for treatment.
Agrégation de Lettres classiquesThe Agrégation de Lettres classiques (Classics) and its peer, the Agrégation de Grammaire, are higher-level French competitive examinations held to recruit, in principle, senior secondary school teachers – though many of its laureates are in fact university teachers, whether lecturers or professors. The Agrégation examination is national in scope and is thus not tied to any particular university or institution. Laureates, called agrégés (in this case, agrégés de Lettres Classiques or agrégés de Grammaire), become civil servants, like other teachers within the Ministère de l'Éducation nationale.
Paul PouletPaul Poulet (1887–1946) was a self-taught Belgian mathematician who made several important contributions to number theory, including the discovery of sociable numbers in 1918. He is also remembered for calculating the pseudoprimes to base two, first up to 50 million in 1926, then up to 100 million in 1938. These are now often called Poulet numbers in his honour (they are also known as Fermatians or Sarrus numbers). In 1925, he published forty-three new multiperfect numbers, including the first two known octo-perfect numbers.
Cosquer CaveThe Cosquer Cave is located in the Calanque de Morgiou in Marseille, France, near Cap Morgiou. The entrance to the cave is located underwater, due to the Holocene sea level rise. The cave contains various prehistoric rock art engravings. Its submarine entrance was discovered in 1985 by Henri Cosquer, a professional diver. The underwater passage leading to the cave was progressively explored until 1990 by cave divers without the divers being aware of the archaeological character of the cave.
Joseph Valentin BoussinesqJoseph Valentin Boussinesq (ʒɔzɛf valɑ̃tɛ̃ businɛsk; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at Faculty of Sciences of Lille, lecturing differential and integral calculus at Institut industriel du Nord (École centrale de Lille). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics at Faculty of Sciences of Paris.
Édouard PietteÉdouard Louis Stanislas Piette (11 March 1827, Aubigny-les-Pothées – 5 June 1906, Rumigny) was a French archaeologist and prehistorian. A magistrate by vocation, at around the age of 28 he developed an interest in geology. He studied the limestone formations of northeastern France and its fossils, and through this research he subsequently made the acquaintance of paleontologist Édouard Lartet and other scientists. During a stay at the Bagnères-de-Luchon spa in the central Pyrenees, he became interested in the glacial geology of the area and the contents of its numerous caves.
Claude RolleyClaude Rolley (11 November 1933, Saint-Lô (Manche) – 10 February 2007) was a French archaeologist, emeritus at the University of Burgundy, writer on art, archaeology of Greece and Gaule. « Une amphore inédite du Peintre à la Gorgone », in Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, année 1961, vol. 85, n°85, (p. 539–543). « Deux têtes féminines d'époque classique », in Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, vol.89, n°89, 1965 (p. 317–331). « Le Sanctuaire des dieux Patrôoi et le Thesmophorion de Thasos », in Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, n°89, 1965, (p.
Telex (input method)Telex or TELEX (Quốc ngữ điện tín), is a convention for encoding Vietnamese text in plain ASCII characters. Originally used for transmitting Vietnamese text over telex systems, it is one of the most used input method on phones and touchscreens and also computers. Vietnamese Morse code uses the TELEX system. Other systems include VNI and VIQR. The Telex input method is based on a set of rules for transmitting accented Vietnamese text over telex (máy điện tín) first used in Vietnam during the 1920s and 1930s.
Nathalie ZandNathalie Zylberlast-Zand (1883 – 1942) was a Polish Jewish neurologist who died in a Nazi prison during World War II. She published research under several names including Nathalie Zylberlast-Zandowa. Nathalie was born 28 March 1883 (or 27 March 1884) in Warsaw, Poland, as the daughter of David Zylberlast and his wife Emilia (née Batawia). In 1899, she graduated from the Second Women's Junior High School in Warsaw in 1899 and went on to earn her medical diploma from the University of Geneva, under the supervision of Edouard Martin, based on her dissertation Un cas de leucémie myéloïde chez un enfant de neuf mois (A case of myeloid leukemia in a nine month old child).
