Long-term modulation of glucose utilization by IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha in astrocytes: Na+ pump activity as a potential target via distinct signaling mechanisms
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One of the basic characteristics of every living system is the ability to respond to extracellular signals. This is carried out through a limited number of protein-based signaling networks, whose function is not based only on simple transmission of the rec ...
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is able to modulate immune functions via adrenoceptor-dependent mechanisms. Activation of β₂-adrenergic receptors (AR) on CD4(+) T lymphocytes has been shown to inhibit Th1-cytokine production and cell proliferation. He ...
One of the basic characteristics of every living system is the ability to respond to extracellular signals. This is carried out through a limited number of protein-based signaling networks, whose function is not only based on simple transmission of the rec ...
BACKGROUND: The JNK pathway is a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes during development and in response to environmental stress. JNK activity is controlled by two MAPK kinases (MAPKK ...
Odontogenesis is governed by a complex network of intercellular signaling events between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme. This network leads to the progressive determination of tooth shape, and to the differentiation of these tissues into enamel-produ ...
Notch signaling is central to vertebrate development, and analysis of Notch has provided important insights into pathogenetic mechanisms in the CNS and many other tissues. However, surprisingly little is known about the role of Notch in the development and ...
Tissue patterning during development relies on cell communication by secreted proteins and receptors that engage in complex signaling crosstalk to induce distinct cell behaviors in a context-dependent fashion. Here I summarize recent insights into basic me ...
The evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling cascade plays a pivotal role in the regulation of many fundamental processes such as stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. Recently, we aimed to identify downstream target genes regulated by ...
Purpose: Apoptosis is known to play a key role in cell death after retinal ischemia. However, little is known about the kinetics of the signaling pathways involved and their contribution to this process. The aim of this study was to determine whether chang ...
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the expansion of a glutamine repeat (polyQ) in the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein. Expression of polyQ-containing proteins has been previously shown to induce various cell ...