Two distinct mechanisms underlie progesterone-induced proliferation in the mammary gland
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Oestrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) is a transcription factor with ligand-independent and ligand-dependent activation functions (AF)-1 and -2. Oestrogens control postnatal mammary gland development acting on a subset of mammary epithelial cells (MECs), ter ...
AREG-/- mice demonstrate impaired mammary development and form only rudimentary ductal epithelial trees, however, AREG-/- glands are still capable of undergoing alveologenesis and lactogenesis during pregnancy. Transplantation of AREG-/- mammary epithelial ...
Notch signaling pathway is an important developmental pathway and has been implicated in both mammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Several studies investigating Notch signaling in mouse mammary gland implied that Notch signaling is an important fac ...
Worldwide, breast cancer incidence has been increasing for decades. Exposure to reproductive hormones, as occurs with recurrent menstrual cycles, affects breast cancer risk, and can promote disease progression. Exogenous hormones and endocrine disruptors h ...
Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. This chronic, gynecological inflammatory disease results in a decreased quality of life for patients, with the main symptoms including chronic pelvic pain and infertility. The steroid ho ...
In the ovary, the follicular granulosa cells express the nuclear receptor Nr5a2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2), also known as liver receptor homolog-1, and after ovulation, Nr5a2 expression persists in the corpus luteum. Previous studies d ...
The mammary gland is the only organ to undergo most of its development after birth and therefore particularly attractive for studying developmental processes. In the mouse, powerful tissue recombination techniques are available that can be elegantly combin ...
Clofibric acid (CA) is the active substance of lipid lowering drugs. It is resistant to degradation, polar in nature, and has been found ubiquitously in the aquatic environment. Though CA is classified as a peroxisomal proliferator in rodents and is consid ...
Most of mammary gland development occurs postnatally under the control of female reproductive hormones, which in turn interact with other endocrine factors. While hormones impinge on many tissues and trigger very complex biological responses, tissue recomb ...
In the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) it is fully recognized that pharmaceuticals can represent a relevant issue for the achievement of the good chemical and ecological status of European surface water bodies. The recent European D ...