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Shear stress and cyclic circumferential stretch, but not pressure, alter connexin43 expression in endothelial cells

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It is well recognized that alterations on wall shear stress plays an important role on the development of atherosclerosis disease. It is known that oscillatory shear stress (OSS) flow pattern induces endothelial dysfunction via changes on nitric oxide (NO) ...

2008

The intent of this thesis is to study the function of elastin in cerebral arteries, its contribution into the aging process and its implication into different cerebral diseases and in particular cerebral aneurysms. As of today, little is known on the genes ...

EPFL2008

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Shear stress has been shown to influence endothelial cell gene expression and morphology. In particular, low and bi-directional shear stress, mimicking conditions at plaque-prone areas, down-regulates the expression of several atheroprotective genes, and u ...

2007

Role of arginase pathway in response to shear stress: new potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis?

Nikolaos Stergiopoulos, Rafaela Fernandes Da Silva, Veronica Gambillara

Introduction: Alterations of wall shear stress can predispose the endothelium to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Ample evidence indicates that arginase expression and/or activity correlates with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease i ...

2007

Forcing independent velocity distributions in an experimental granular fluid

Pedro Miguel Nunes Pereira de Almeida Reis

We present experimental results on the velocity statistics of a granular fluid with an effective stochastic thermostat, in a quasi-two-dimensional configuration. We find the base state, as measured by the single particle velocity distribution P(c) in the c ...

2007

Plaque-prone hemodynamics impair endothelial function in pig carotid arteries

Nikolaos Stergiopoulos, Sylvain Roy, Paolo Silacci, Veronica Gambillara

Hemodynamic forces play an active role in vascular pathologies, particularly in relation to the localization of atherosclerotic lesions. It has been established that low shear stress combined with cyclic reversal of flow direction (oscillatory shear stress ...

2006

A theoretical model of the cellular calcium dynamics and vasomotion in muscular arteries

Michèle Koenigsberger

Muscular arteries possess the ability to control actively their lumen by altering the tone of the smooth muscle cells of the arterial wall, a property which is vital for a large number of the hemodynamical functions of the body. Arterial contraction is due ...

EPFL2006

Effects of arterial wall stress on vasomotion

Jean-Jacques Meister, Roger Sauser, Jean-Louis Bény, Michèle Koenigsberger

Smooth muscle and endothelial cells in the arterial wall are exposed to mechanical stress. Indeed blood flow induces intraluminal pressure variations and shear stress. An increase in pressure may induce a vessel contraction, a phenomenon known as the myoge ...

Elsevier2006

Effect of intimal shear and cyclic strech on arterial segments perfused in vitro

Veronica Gambillara

Hemodynamics have crucial role in the control of vascular tone, in the regulation of arterial remodeling, and in the production of mediators that maintain arterial function. Changes in hemodynamics forces induce profound alterations in vascular cell metabo ...

EPFL2005

Arterial wall response to ex vivo exposure to oscillatory shear stress

Nikolaos Stergiopoulos, Paolo Silacci, Veronica Gambillara

The aim of this study was to analyze the arterial wall response to plaque-prone hemodynamic environments, known to occur mainly in areas of arterial trees such as bifurcations and branching points. In these areas, the vasculature is exposed to cyclically r ...

2005