Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment - Kinetics and mechanisms: A critical review
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Regioselective electrophilic substitution reactions of the iridabenzofurans [Ir(C7H5O{OMe-7})(CO)(PPh3)(2)]-[OTf] (1) and IrCl(C7H5O{OMe-7})(PPh3)(2) (2) provide a convenient route to mononitro-, dinitro-, and mixed nitro-/halo- substituted derivatives. Tr ...
Bromide (Br-) levels in fresh waters range from a few ¿gL-1 to several mgL-1. In seawater its concentration is about 67 mgL-1. The goal of this thesis is to assess the fate of bromide during oxidative water treatment and to explore its influence on these t ...
The kinetics for the reactions of hypoiodous acid (HOI) with various phenols (phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid), 3-oxopentanedioic acid (3-OPA) and flavone were investigated in the pH range of 6.0-11.0. The apparent second order rate constants ...
During chlorination of bromide-containing waters, a significant formation of brominated disinfection byproducts is expected. This is of concern because Br-DBPs are generally more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. In this study, synthetic water sample ...
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Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is an emerging concern in oxidative water treatment because it exerts oxidant demand and may form nitrogenous oxidation/disinfection by-products. In this study, we investigated the reactions of ozone with DON with a special ...
The poisoning effect by hydrogen chloride (HCl) on state-of-the-art Ni anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at 750 degrees C is evaluated in either hydrogen or syngas fuel. Experiments are performed on single cells and short stacks and HCl concen ...
Photoredox catalysis has been developed to achieve oxidative C-H chlorination of aromatic compounds using NaCl as the chlorine source and Na2S2O8 as the oxidant. The reactions occur at room temperature and exhibit exclusive selectivity for C(sp(2))-H bonds ...
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a carcinogenic disinfection byproduct from water chloramination. Despite the identification of numerous NDMA precursors, essential parts of the reaction mechanism such as the incorporation of molecular O-2 are poorly unders ...
Propargyl radical addition to 1,3-butadiene seems to be a promising channel to form 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings. These are important steps in the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soot platelets. The reaction mechanism, involving 97 intermedi ...
