In vivo detection of brain Krebs cycle intermediate by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance
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Despite striking advances in functional brain imaging, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the signals detected by these techniques are still largely unknown. The basic physiological principle of functional imaging is represented by the tig ...
Glucose is the main fuel for energy metabolism in the normal human brain. It is generally assumed that glucose transport into the brain is not rate-limiting for metabolism. Since brain glucose concentrations cannot be determined directly by radiotracer tec ...
Localized 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides a unique window for studying cerebral carbohydrate metabolism through, e.g. the completely non-invasive measurement of cerebral glucose and glycogen metabolism. In addition, label incorpo ...
Some models of brain energy metabolism used to interpret in vivo (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data assume that intramitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate is in rapid isotopic equilibrium with total brain glutamate, most of which is cytosolic. ...
Glial cells are thought to supply energy for neurotransmission by increasing nonoxidative glycolysis; however, oxidative metabolism in glia may also contribute to increased brain activity. To study glial contribution to cerebral energy metabolism in the un ...
The relationships between brain activity and accompanying hemodynamic and metabolic alterations, particularly between the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen utilization (CMR(O2)) and cerebral blood flow (CBF), are not thoroughly established. CMR(O2) is clos ...
A critical issue in brain energy metabolism is whether lactate produced within the brain by astrocytes is taken up and metabolized by neurons upon activation. Although there is ample evidence that neurons can efficiently use lactate as an energy substrate, ...
13C isotopic tracer data previously obtained by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in the human brain in vivo were analyzed using a mathematical model to determine metabolic rates in a region of the human neocortex. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle rate was ...
Although glycogen (Glyc) is the main carbohydrate storage component, the role of Glyc in the brain during prolonged wakefulness is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine brain Glyc concentration ([]) and turnover time (tau) in euglycemic conscio ...
Under particular circumstances like lactation and fasting, the blood-borne monocarboxylates acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate represent significant energy substrates for the brain. Their utilization is dependent on a transport system present ...
