Localized Single-Voxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Water Suppression, and Novel Approaches for Ultrashort Echo-time Measurements

Single-voxel proton MRS can be obtained with inversion-based, echo-based, and hybrid methods. Yet, standard localization methods do not guarantee quality. Therefore, knowing basic principles, such as influence factors on both volume definition and spectral quality, including radiofrequency pulses, gradients, chemical shift errors, water-suppression techniques, and outer volume suppression, is very important. In this chapter, we describe factors affecting performance of short echo-time single-voxel proton spectroscopy and currently available localization methods for 1H MRS.