Technologies for the treatment of source-separated urine in the eThekwini Municipality
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Chemical oxidation has been applied in municipal water treatment for more than a century, initially for disinfection. In the early decades, chlorine disinfection was adopted in the fight against waterborne disease. However, the oxidative properties of chlo ...
What is the goal of a five-day seminar for the (architectural) design of a ‘water and sanitation hub’ in Mali? What does one want to achieve, or rather, what is the seminar meant to ‘disseminate’? To begin with, what is a ‘water and sanitation hub’? It is ...
Human urine can be used as fertilizer and technologies, such as alkaline-urine treatment, are being developed to enable easier re-use. There is, however, a risk of pathogens being present in the urine. This hygiene assessment examined inactivation of three ...
Ozone treatment is an effective barrier against viral pathogens, therefore it is an integral part of many water and wastewater treatment trains. However, the efficacy of ozone treatment remains difficult to monitor, due to the lack of methods to track viru ...
Sanitation planning and management is a complex problem, especially in emergency contexts such as refugee camps. Camp 18 of the Cox’s Bazar refugee camp has over 27 000 inhabitants, who have access to 1931 latrines from which the sludge is treated in a cen ...
Background Universal access to basic sanitation remains a global challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Efforts are underway to improve access to sanitation in informal settlements, often through shared facilities. However, access to ...
Innovative solutions are necessary to enable the decentralized recycling of greywater for applications requiring high-quality water, such as hand washing. While physical barriers such as ultrafiltration membranes effectively prevent the passage of bacteria ...
One of the aims of wastewater treatment is the removal of phosphorus before the water is discharged into the environment. Since phosphorus concentrations in wastewater exceed the requirement of bacterial growth, biological phosphorus removal is based on th ...
The growing world population, in conjunction with climate change, cases the global water de-mand to increase. It is, therefore, crucial to protect existing water resources from chemical pollution and contamination by pathogens. An increasingly popular stra ...
Container-based sanitation (CBS) within a comprehensive service system value chain offers a low-cost sanitation option with potential for revenue generation, but may increase microbial health risks to sanitation service workers. This study assessed occupat ...