Face Anti-spoofing: Visual Approach

User authentication is an important step to protect information and in this regard face biometrics is advantageous. Face biometrics is natural, easy to use and less human-invasive. Unfortunately, recent work revealed that face biometrics is quite vulnerable to spoofing attacks. This chapter presents the different modalities of attacks to visual spectrum face recognition systems. We introduce public datasets for the evaluation of vulnerability of recognition systems and performance of counter-measures. Finally, we build a comprehensive view of anti-spoofing techniques for visual spectrum face recognition and provide an outlook of issues that remain unaddressed.